More than a year has passed since the outbreak of violence between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Since April 2023, the use of explosive weapons in densely populated areas has resulted in over 9,000 civilian deaths and forced approximately 5.4 million people to flee. Of these, 4.1 million are internally displaced, and more than 1 million have sought refuge in neighboring countries such as Egypt, Chad, Ethiopia, and South Sudan, often without access to safe and legal routes.
The violence has a devastating impact on every aspect of life in the country. Essential infrastructure, such as the Bahri Water Treatment Plant, has suffered significant damage, depriving the population of access to clean drinking water. Healthcare facilities are also in crisis, lacking the necessary resources to provide medical assistance. This is particularly concerning in the context of rising sexual violence, which requires psychological and clinical support that is currently unavailable for women.
Despite both factions signing the Jeddah Convention of Commitment to protect civilians, violence continues to rage. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs have expressed serious concerns about the situation. Furthermore, the United Nations Security Council voted to extend the mandate of the political mission in Sudan (UNITAMS), but its representative has been declared persona non grata by the Sudanese government, further complicating international efforts to resolve the crisis.
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